20200112_眼科医生到底咋翻译？

在中到英的稿件中，一旦涉及眼科，关于眼科医生如何翻译的问题，就成为了分辨译员是否大体了解眼科工作人员分类的试金石。

Ophthalmologist、Optometrist和Optician 在不查词典的情况下，大家是否可以分清楚呢？

以下是The Language of Medicine 第12版中，关于三者的区分。 An ophthalmologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating (surgically and medically) disorders of the eye.

An optometrist is a health care professional who examines (metr/o = to measure) eyes and prescribes corrective lenses and may treat eye diseases.

An optician grinds lenses and fits glasses but **does not **examine eyes prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye diseases.

我们查《英中医学辞海》也可以发现 ophthalmologist=眼科学家：专门对眼及其有关结构的疾病和缺陷进行诊断和内外科治疗的医生 optometrist=验光师：受过训练并领有执照从事眼视力测定的人员 optician=眼镜师：眼科光学方面的专家

更进一步，在Black's Medical Dictionary, 43rd Edition中，又发现
optician
Someone who fits and sells glasses or contact lenses. **An ophthalmic optician (optometrist)** is trained to perform eye examinations to test for long- and short-sightedness and to prescribe corrective lenses, but they do not treat disorders of the eye, referring such patients to a family doctor or ophthalmologist.

而在Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary中，
optician n.
a person who either makes and fits glasses (dispensing optician ) or who can **both test** people for glasses and **dispense** glasses (ophthalmic optician or optometrist ).

所以，ophthalmologist与optometrist和optician完全不能混用；而optometrist和optician存在相似处，可以根据实际情况选用。